Anthropology 303

Culture Theory Since Geertz

Prof. Carolyn Brown Heinz                                                                       Contact: 898-4094 or

Office: Butte 217                                                                        cheinz@csuchico.edu [best]

Office Hours: M-F, 10AM, or by appointment

 

Course Content and Goals

 

This is a graduate seminar in cultural anthropology theory. Students are expected to have a strong background in anthropology and the ability to participate in sustained intellectual discussion around central issues of cultural theory, whatever sub-specialization they pursue in the discipline. 

 

Course Introduction

 

 In the 1970s Clifford Geertz radically refigured culture theory in anthropology and in the process repositioned anthropology in the social sciences and humanities, moving our discipline from of its exotic corner to near the center of intellectual life. Arguing that culture must be seen as “webs of meaning” within which humans must live, he shifted anthropology from the scientism of the 1950s and 1960s to a more interpretive and humanist mode of research and analysis. Anthropology became a source of theoretical inspiration for history and literature, as those disciplines came to look more and more like anthropology.

 

And yet, as the title of one contemporary text reads, at century’s end culture theory may be “in near ruins.”  Was it because of the course direction set by Geertz? Was it because of cross-currents encountered in the last 25 years—currents going by the name of post-modernism, post-structuralism, post-colonialism? Was culture theory undone by the critical self-examination of anthropological modes of representation that absorbed the 1980s? Was it undone by changes in the world itself, by globalization and multiculturalism? Or was the culture concept flawed to begin with? How should anthropology’s work be defined today? How should theory be re-configured now? Do we live in a post-theoretical world? Or even in a post-disciplinary one? Why are historians, philosophers, and English professors on the reading list? Who are anthropology’s nearest intellectual kinsmen now?

 

The purpose of this seminar is to understand these trends by reading and discussing a selection of the major works that embody them. A few names will recur: Geertz, Clifford, Marcus, Crapanzano, Rabinow, Ortner, Dirks, Bourdieu, Appadurai, Abu-Lughod, Rosaldo. Other names cast large shadows from outside the discipline: Foucault, Bourdieu, Said, Gramsci. One characteristic of the current times is that these new trends don’t sort themselves out into schools or followers of one theorist or another. Everyone is now eclectic. This means that our intellectual work of the semester will not be about getting a particular theory clear, but understanding the various strands and themes, how they interconnect and conflict. We aim for fluency in the complex discourse of contemporary theory. Each member of the seminar should both develop a growing mastery of these issues and find his or her own voice on them.

 

Seminar participants will be responsible for all the readings, for one-page reflections on each of them, for leading sessions, and for a major seminar paper and presentation toward the end of the semester.


 

 

Textbooks and Course Supplies

 

Clifford Geertz, 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures, Basic Books.

Pierre Bourdieu, 1990 [1980], The Logic of Practice, Stanford University Press.

Paul Rabinow, Ed., 1984, Foucault Reader, Pantheon Books.

 James Clifford and George Marcus, Eds., 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography.  California.

Nicholas B. Dirks, Geoff Eley, Sherry B. Ortner, Eds., 1994. Culture/Power/History; A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory. Princeton.

There are 2 or 3 additional readings that will be available by Xerox.

 

Lecture Schedule, Textbook Assignments & Due Dates

  

week of:

MONDAY

WEDNESDAY

Jan 27

 

Introduction to course

Ortner, C/P/H, “Theory since the 60s”

pp. 372-411

Feb 3

Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures

“Thick Description” & “The Cerebral Savage” [ch 1 & 13]

Geertz, “Deep Play” & “Person, Time, & Culture” [chs. 14 & 15]

Feb 10

Geertz, “Religion as a Cultural System” & “Ritual and Social Change, A Javanese Example” [chs. 4 & 6]

Bourdieu, “Structures, Habitus, Power: Basis for a Theory of Symbolic Power” C/P/H [pp 155-199]

Feb 17

Bourdieu, The Logic of Practice

Chapters 1-5 [pp 1 – 65]

Bourdieu, chapters 6-9 [pp. 66-142]

Feb 24

Bourdieu, Book II, chapters 1-2 [pp. 143-199]

Bourdieu, Book II, ch. 3 [pp. 200-270]

Mar 3

Foucault, C/P/H, “Two Lectures,” pp. 200-221

Foucault Reader  “Introduction” “Truth & Power” “Nietsche” [pp. 1-30, 51-100]

Mar 10

Foucault, “Madness & Civilization” [pp. 123-168]

 

Foucault, “Disciplines & Sciences of the Individual” [169-256]

Mar 17

S P R I N G   B R E A K

Mar 24

Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography

Clifford, “Introduction: Partial Truths”

Pratt, “Fieldwork in Common Places”

Crapanzano, “Hermes’ Dilemma: The Masking of Subversion in Ethnographic Description”

Renato Rosaldo, “From the Door of His Tent: The Fieldworker and the Inquisitor”

Mar 31

James Clifford, “On Ethnographic Allegory”

Tyler, “Post-Modern Ethnography: From Document of the Occult to Occult Document

Asad, “The Concept of Cultural Translation in British Social Anth

Marcus, “Contemporary Problems of Ethnography in the Modern World System”

Apr 7

Fischer, “Ethnicity and the Post-Modern Arts of Memory”

Rabinow, “Representations are Social Facts: Modernity and Post-Modernity in Anthropology”

Said, “From Orientalism [packet]

Appadurai, “Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology” [packet]

Apr 14

Culture/Power/History: A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory

Dirks, Eley, and Ortner, “Introduction”

 

Haraway, “Teddy Bear Patriarchy: Taxidermy in the Garden of Eden, NYC, 1908-1936” pp 49-95

Bennett, “The Exhibitionary Complex” pp. 123-154

Apr 21

Alcoff, “Cultural Feminism vs Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis,” pp 96-122

Alexander, “Women, Class and Sexual Differences in the 1830s and 1840s: Some Reflections on the Writing

Hebdige, “After the Masses,” pp 222-235

Gates, “Authority (White) Power and the (Black) Critic; It’s All Greek to Me” pp. 247-268

Apr 28

Greenblatt, “The Circulation of Social Energy” [504-519]
Williams, “Selections from Marxism and Literature” [pp. 585-608]

 

TBA – post-9/11 critiques of postmodernism

 

May 5

P A P E R   P R E S E N T A T I O N S

 

May 12

P A P E R   P R E S E N T A T I O N S

 

May 19

F I N A L S   W E E K

 

  

 

Course Requirements and Student Responsibilities:

Attendance, Assignments and Class Requirements

 

A good seminar accumulates an agenda of ideas as it goes. It picks up steam; it builds; it grows in complexity. It gets somewhere that could not have been exactly predicted at the outset but is nevertheless felt to be a worthwhile trajectory by most members. It is, moreover, a collective effort. It only happens through the intentional agency of its members, who are active, not passive, players. The professor doesn’t make it happen; the participants make it happen.

 

I’ll be discussing ways of making discussions work early in the semester. Obviously, each student’s experience and confidence levels will vary, but a few general ground rules for the course can be laid out:

  1. Preparation. You can’t participate usefully if you haven’t read and reflected on the readings for the day. DO the reading, DO the writing in advance.
  2. Sequiturs are more useful than non-sequiturs. Connect your points to previous points; follow-up on what others have said. If you introduce a new topic, frame it in relation to previous topics or the main agenda.
  3. You can participate in a variety of ways: you can make an assertion; you can pose a question or ask for clarification; you can join another person in their position, or disagree in constructive ways; you can play devil’s advocate.
  4. There are some things to avoid: don’t do all the talking. Be sensitive to the feelings of others who have taken risks. Don’t act like you knew it all before you even started the course [because you didn’t.]
  5. If you’re on the quiet side, spontaneous contribution may not be your forte. Try planning before class one or two issues that you would like to speak to and/or see that they get discussed during that session. At the beginning of each class period, we’ll create an agenda of such topics, and then return to you before the period is over.

 

The point system

At the end of each class session, I will assign participation points for each member using the following system:

5 – made very strong and valued contributions; outstanding for this day [this score will not be granted often to anybody]

4 – made good comments; posed questions that generated some excitement; made connections that no one else had thought of; contributed to forward motion of the course

3 – Raised or contributed to issues in a confident and sustained way

2 – Spoke briefly with an appropriate comment, or at greater length with less relevance

1 – present and awake, but made no contribution 

0 - absent

 

The position papers

Good discussions need starting points, and that’s one of the purposes of the position papers. Each week, generally by Thursday evening, the discussion questions for each of the readings for the following week will emailed to you. These should be responded to in one single-spaced page each [i.e., 2 to 4 single-spaced pages a week, depending on the material]. Bring them to class with you on the assigned day and turn them in at the end of the day. These will be graded on a 5-point scale, where the points mean:

5 – “Transparent.” Easy to understand the argument being made, which does a good job of connecting with the main ideas of the reading to which they pertain. 

4 – “Semi-transparent.” Not quite clear where you are going at several points, perhaps because your writing style interferes, or because you may not have quite understood the article, or haven’t fully clarified your own thoughts, but in general close to the mark.

3 – “Turgid.” Really hard to know what you mean.

2 – “Shallow.” Pretty clear you didn’t have time to do this one.

1 – “Please do over.” [This isn’t an invitation to replace a 1 with a 5 done at leisure; I will circle the 1 to indicate that the obligation has been met, which will be better than a set of 1’s not circled.]

 

Student Discussion Leaders

Approximately half of the sessions will be led by student discussion leaders. Your role as discussion leader is to launch the discussion and keep it going, keep it lively, move it along. The patterns for these sessions will emerge in the first few weeks; you should pick it up and learn to lead.

 

The Big Paper

At the same time as participating in the lengthy seminar sessions, each person will also write a paper on a topic that related their own personal work and interests to the topics of the seminar.   Each student will write a 15-20 page paper on a topic relating to the issues of this course. I do not wish to make suggestions about topics; part of your professional growth is to develop ideas on your own; you should begin to set a course of scholarly topics that interest you and that you wish to further develop as part of your own intellectual trajectory. So this is a professional paper you are writing. You may take your time to decide what the topic is going to be, but should be pinning things down by spring break and finished by the last week of classes. I am, of course, happy to discuss the topic with you, and we will also discuss them in class. They will be evaluated on 1) how richly they connect to the issues of the course, 2) how well-developed they are as scholarly papers [quality and merit of argument; complexity and relevance to contemporary culture theory], 3) how close to perfect the “scholarly apparatus” [format, mechanics, bibliography].

 

Class Presentation.  For the class presentation of your paper, you should write a one-page, single-spaced summary to distribute during the previous class session. Each member of the class will then be able to read a preview in advance and come to class prepared to listen to and then discuss your paper.

 

Exams

There are no exams for this course.


 

 

Grading for this Class

 

Your overall grade for this course will be based on three main evaluations:

          Quality of participation in seminar - 30%

          Quality of position papers – 30%

          Quality of final paper and its presentation – 40%

 

 

Other Important Information

 

It is recommended that students make and keep a copy of all assignments and papers submitted to the instructor.