- Works cited list starts on a new page. Type the words
“Works Cited” centered at the top of the page.
- Double
space within and between entries.
- Use hanging indent
form. The first line of each citation is set flush left
and subsequent lines are indented one-half inch.
- Arrange alphabetically, not by format of publication: book, journal, etc.
- The
author should be the first element of a citation, even for web pages. If no
author is present, use editor name. If no editor is present,
start with book title or article title.
- List author's last name, followed by a comma
then the author's first and/or middle name. Spell
out author's name. Do not use initials.
- If a work has more than one author, only invert the first author's name.
- Underline or italicize titles of books, journals,
magazines, newspapers and films.
- Article titles are placed within quotation marks. Also use quotation marks for the titles of short stories, book chapters, poems and songs.
- Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc. This rule does not apply to indefinite or definite articles (a, an, the), short prepositions or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle.
- Elements of a citation are separated
by a period and one space.
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| See Chapter 4 and 5 of the MLA Handbook for details
on formatting and citation style. |
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| Citation Examples |
| Book,
one author: |
Fussell, Paul. The Great War and Modern
Memory.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
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| Chapter from book: |
Marcus, Jane. "The Asylums of Antaeus: Women,
War, and Madness—
Is
There a Feminist Fetishism?" The New Historicism.
Ed. H. Aram Veeser,
New York: Routledge, 1989. 132-151.
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| Journal article (print, microform, PDF), one author: |
Mott, Frederick Walker "The Effects of High Explosives Upon the Central
Nervous System." The Lancet 1 (Feb. 1916): 331-338.
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| Journal article (online from a library subscription database), two authors: |
Schneiderman, Lawrence and Nancy Jecker, "Judging Who Should Live: Schneiderman
and Jecker on the Duty Not to Treat." Journal of Medicine & Philosophy 23.5
(Aug. 1998): 500-515. Academic Search. EBSCO. Meriam Library .Chico, CA.
20 March, 2005.<http://search.ebscohost.com>.
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| Journal article (online from an Internet-only journal), one author:: |
Frederickson, Barbara L. "Cultivating Positive Emotions to Optimize Health and Well-being."
Prevention & Treatment 3, (March 7, 2000). April 4, 2004
<http://www.journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html>.
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| Newspaper article, one author: |
Tommasini, Anthony. "Master Teachers Whose Artistry Flows in Private."
New York Times 27 Oct. 1998:B2.
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| Newspaper article, no known author: |
"Cigarette Sales Fall 30% as California Tax Rises." New York Times 14 Sept. 1999: A17.
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| Article from CQ Researcher (electronic version): |
Hatch, David. "Drug Company Ethics." The CQ Researcher Online, 13.22 (2003).
Meriam Library. Chico, CA. 16 May 2005 <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher>.
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| Web page with no known author and no known date: |
"GVU's 8th WWW user survey." n.d. 2 April 2004.
<http://www.ccgatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys/survey-1997-10/>.
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| Parenthetical Documentation |
When writing your paper, whenever you express words, facts, or ideas that are not your own, you need to refer the reader to the original source of that information. Within the body of the paper use parenthetical references
to refer the reader to sources listed in the Works Cited.
Usually the author's last name
and a page number are used to identify the source and
the specific location from which you borrowed the material.
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See Chapter 6 of the MLA Handbook for more
details on citing sources in the text.
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| Parenthentical Examples |
| Author’s name in text (page number): |
Tannen has argued this point (175-85).
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| Author’s name in reference (page number): |
This point has already been argued (Tannen 175-85).
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| Author's name in text (no page number): |
Fukuyama's Our Posthuman Future includes many examples of this trend.
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Citing a work listed by title (no author): Use an abbreviated version of the title in quotation marks to substitute for the name of the author. Example:
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International espionage was as prevalent as ever in the 1990s ("Decade").
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