- identify issues of belief, empirical truth, and logic
- evaluate credibility of sources of information and opinion
- identify necessary or probable assumptions and presuppositions
- recognize the difference between normative and non-normative claims
- identify relevant and irrelevant claims in a given context
- recognize misleading uses of language
- determine when additional information is needed for a given purpose
- construct deductive and inductive arguments
- identify valid and invalid arguments, including fallacies of
deduction and induction
- recognize logically equivalent propositions
- critique and construct analogical arguments and explanations
- understand and evaluate causal arguments and explanations
- assess common types of statistical information, generalizations, and
reasoning
