Steps for Translating a Claim into Standard Form

1. Ask, is it a claim? (If not, or if it is more than one claim, you will have trouble translating it)
2. Identify the two terms (categories). Make sure both are noun phrases, so that they name categories. Also, do your best to get negative terms ("no," "not") out of your categories.
3. Look for "yellow flag" words like "only," "the only," "always" (or other time phrases), "wherever" (or other place phrase).
4. Decide which category goes in the "S" (Subject) slot and which goes in the "P" (Predicate) slot.
5. Decide whether you are talking about "All" of the first category, "No(ne)" of the first category, or "Some."
6. If "Some," determine if the claim is saying "Some are" or "Some are not."
7. Turn the whole thing into a full categorical claim and test it against your common sense to be sure it is equivalent to the original sentence.