BEHAVIOR:

 

EMERGENCE:

  • Eggs hatch in two weeks Univoltine or bivoltine Larval stage over winters
    5-7 instars
  • Silk is spun (flat sheets or retreats for larvae to graze)
  • Pupa-adult takes 1 month to develope, then exits through a slit in the cocoon
  • Adults live from 24 hours to 2 months
  • (Willaims1992 pg 100)
  • Emergence occurs after pupae swim or crawl to the surface of the water
  • Legs of species that swim have long swimming hairs
  • Most species are univoltine or bivoltine and have five larval instars
  • (Thorp,1991 pg.618)

OVIPOSITION:

  • Female contacts water when she emerges and attaches egg to submerged rock surfaces
  • Male is attracted by female pheromones
  • (Williams, 1992 pg 99)
  • Hook like cremaster on terminal abdominal segment to anchor
  • Stream species crawl under the water to oviposit on rocks, while most lentic species deposit rows of eggs just below the surface of the water on the preferred food plant
  • (Thorp, 1991 pg.618)

ACTIVITY:

  • none avaliable

LOCOMOTION:

  • none available